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1 American Institute of Architects
Общая лексика: Американский институт архитекторовУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > American Institute of Architects
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2 American Institute of Architects
сокр AIAОбщественная организация, основана в 1857 в г. Нью-Йорке как дискуссионный клуб архитекторов. Институт финансирует образовательные программы и вручает ежегодные награды за мастерство в области дизайна и исполнения проектов. Около 56 тыс. членов. Штаб-квартира в г. Вашингтоне. Штаб-квартира в г. Вашингтоне (с 1898), долгое время (до 1973) находилась в особняке "Октагон" [ Octagon House].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > American Institute of Architects
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3 Fellow of American Institute of Architects
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Fellow of American Institute of Architects
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4 Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Общая лексика: член Американского института архитекторовУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
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5 Honorary Member, American Institute of Architects
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Honorary Member, American Institute of Architects
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6 Breuer, Marcel Lajos
[br]b. 22 May 1902 Pécs, Hungaryd. 1 July 1981 New York (?), USA[br]Hungarian member of the European Bauhaus generation in the 1920s, who went on to become a leader in the modern school of architectural and furniture design in Europe and the United States.[br]Breuer began his student days following an art course in Vienna, but joined the Bauhaus at Weimar, where he later graduated, in 1920. When Gropius re-established the school in purpose-built structures at Dessau, Breuer became a member of the teaching staff in charge of the carpentry and furniture workshops. Much of his time there was spent in design and research into new materials being applied to furniture and interior decoration. The essence of his contribution was to relate the design of furniture to industrial production; in this field he developed the tubular-steel structure, especially in chair design, and experimented with aluminium as a furniture material as well as pieces of furniture made up from modular units. His furniture style was characterized by an elegance of line and a careful avoidance of superfluous detail. By 1926 he had furnished the Bauhaus with such furniture in chromium-plated steel, and two years later had developed a cantilevered chair.Breuer left the Bauhaus in 1928 and set up an architectural practice in Berlin. In the early 1930s he also spent some time in Switzerland. Notable from these years was his Harnischmacher Haus in Wiesbaden and his apartment buildings in the Dolderthal area of Zurich. His architectural work was at first influenced by constructivism, and then by that of Le Corbusier (see Charles-Edouard Jeanneret). In 1935 he moved to England, where in partnership with F.R.S. Yorke he built some houses and continued to practise furniture design. The Isokon Furniture Co. commissioned him to develop ideas that took advantage of the new bending and moulding processes in laminated wood, one result being his much-copied reclining chair.In 1937, like so many of the European architectural refugees from Nazism, he found himself under-occupied due to the reluctance of English clients to embrace the modern architectural movement. He went to the United States at Gropius's invitation to join him as a professor at Harvard. Breuer and Gropius were influential in training a new generation of American architects, and in particular they built a number of houses. This partnership ended in 1941 and Breuer set up practice in New York. His style of work from this time on was still modern, but became more varied. In housing, he adapted his style to American needs and used local materials in a functional manner. In the Whitney Museum (1966) he worked in a sculptural, granite-clad style. Often he utilized a bold reinforced-concrete form, as in his collaboration with Pier Luigi Nervi and Bernard Zehrfuss in the Paris UNESCO Building (1953–8) and the US Embassy in the Hague (1954–8). He displayed his masterly handling of poured concrete used in a strikingly expressionistic, sculptural manner in his St John's Abbey (1953–61) in Collegeville, Minnesota, and in 1973 his Church of St Francis de Sale in Michigan won him the top award of the American Institute of Architects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Institute of Architects Medal of Honour 1964, Gold Medal 1968. Jefferson Foundation Medal 1968.Bibliography1955, Sun and Shadow, the Philosophy of an Architect, New York: Dodd Read (autobiography).Further ReadingC.Jones (ed.), 1963, Marcel Breuer: Buildings and Projects 1921–1961, New York: Praeger.T.Papachristou (ed.), 1970, Marcel Breuer: New Buildings and Projects 1960–1970, New York: Praeger.DY -
7 FAIA
1) Техника: Fellow of American Institute of Architects2) Сокращение: Fellow of the American Institute of Architects -
8 AIA
2) Спорт: Athletes In Action3) Военный термин: ACE Intelligence Architecture, ACE Interface Architecture, Army Information Architecture, Army Intelligence Agency, Automation Interoperability Appraisal, advise if able, air interdiction aircraft, anti-icing additive, anti-intrusion alarm, Air Intelligence Agency (Зарубежное военное обозрение ь11 2006 год, AIA)4) Техника: authorized inspection agency5) Сельское хозяйство: Automatic Irrigation Assembly6) Шутливое выражение: Anime In Action7) Строительство: Компетентный инспекционный орган (Authorized Inspection Agency)8) Оптика: Automated Imaging Association9) Телекоммуникации: Aerospace Industry Association10) Сокращение: Aerospace Industries Association, Aerospace Industries Association of America, Air Intelligence Agency, Aircraft Industries Association, American Importers Association, American Institute of Aeronautics, American Institute of Architects, American Insurance Association, Associazione Industrie Aerospaziali (Italy), Aircraft Industrial Association11) Физиология: Ability And Involuntary Action12) Электроника: Active Integrated Antenna13) Вычислительная техника: Application Integration Architecture14) Воздухоплавание: Aeroplane Industries Association15) Реклама: Ассоциация Рекламодателей Промышленных Товаров США16) СМИ: Annotate Illustrate And Apply17) Сетевые технологии: Apple Integration Architecture, архитектура интеграции фирмы Apple18) Расширение файла: Adobe Illustrator Action File, Applications Integration Architecture (DEC)19) Электротехника: automatic insulation analyzer20) ООН: Autocrats In Action21) Общественная организация: Archaeological Institute of America22) Должность: Annual In Advance23) Чат: All Interested Adults24) Аэропорты: Alliance, Nebraska USA25) AMEX. American Insured Mortgage Investments -
9 Barry, Sir Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 23 May 1795 Westminster, London, Englandd. 12 May 1860 Clapham, London, England[br]English architect who was a leader in the field between the years 1830 and 1860.[br]Barry was typical of the outstanding architects of this time. His work was eclectic, and he suited the style—whether Gothic or classical—to the commission and utilized the then-traditional materials and methods of construction. He is best known as architect of the new Palace of Westminster; he won the competition to rebuild it after the disastrous fire of the old palace in 1834. Bearing this in mind in the rebuilding, Barry utilized that characteristic nineteenth-century material, iron for joists and roofing plates.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1852. Member of the Royal Academy; the Royal Society; the Academies of St Luke, Rome; St Petersburg (and others); and the American Institute of Architects. RIBA Gold Medal 1850.Further ReadingMarcus Whiffen, The Architecture of Sir Charles Barry in Manchester and Neighbourhood, Royal Manchester Institution.H.M.Port (ed.), 1976, The Houses of Parliament, Yale University Press.H.M.Colvin (ed.), The History of the King's Works, Vol. 6, HMSO.DY -
10 Walter, Thomas Ustick
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 4 September 1804 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 30 October 1887 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American architect, best known for his construction of the great iron dome of the United States Capitol in Washington.[br]Much of Walter's work was in neo-classical style, of which the Founders' Hall at Girard College in Philadelphia, built 1833–47, is a fine example. On the exterior this is a large-scale Corinthian temple of peripteral octastyle form. Inside, Walter showed his awareness of modern needs with his brick fireproof vaulting. In 1851 Walter was appointed by President Millard Fillmore as Architect to the Capitol in Washington, DC, to enlarge the building to accommodate the greater needs of the day. Between this time and 1865 Walter extended the side wings considerably to provide more space for the House of Representatives and the Senate and, to balance the composition of this much longer elevation, built a new great dome. In style, the dome and drum resemble those of Wren's St Paul's Cathedral in London, but the scale is much greater and the internal construction largely of cast iron: internally the dome measures 98 ft (29.9 m) in diameter and has a total height of 222 ft (67.7 m).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFounder American Institute of Architects 1857; President from 1876.Further ReadingM.Whiffen and F.Keeper, 1981, American Architecture 1607–1976, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.DY -
11 FAIA
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12 HAIA
сокр. [Honorary Member, American Institute of Architects] почетный член Американского института архитекторов -
13 FAIA
сокр. от Fellow of the American Institute of Architects -
14 HAIA
сокр. от Honorary Member, American Institute of Architects -
15 HAIA
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16 FAIA
Fellow of American Institute of Architects - член Американского института архитекторов -
17 HAIA
Honorary Member; American Institute of Architects - почётный член Американского института архитекторов -
18 F.A.I.A.
x. Fellow of the American Institute of Architects -
19 Octagon House
"Октагон" ("Восьмиугольник")Особняк на Нью-Йорк-авеню [New York Avenue] в центре г. Вашингтона, известный памятник архитектуры федерального стиля [ federal style] начала XIX в. Необычная (на самом деле шестиугольная) форма здания из красного кирпича была вызвана необходимостью построить дом на ограниченном участке земли. Особняк построен в 1798-1800 по проекту первого архитектора Капитолия [ Capitol] У. Торнтона [ Thornton, William]. В нем полгода жил президент Мэдисон [ Madison, James] (1814-15), когда Белый дом [ White House] был сожжен англичанами. В начале XIX в. здесь проходили важные встречи политиков. В 1902-73 штаб-квартира Американского института архитекторов [ American Institute of Architects]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Octagon House
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20 Upjohn, Richard
(1802-1878) Апджон, РичардАрхитектор. Большую часть своей жизни посвятил строительству церквей. Известен главным образом как один из инициаторов возрождения готической архитектуры в XIX в. Церковь Троицы [ Trinity Church] (1839-46) в г. Нью-Йорке стала своего рода эталоном подобных ей культовых сооружений, в первую очередь для самого Апджона, который впоследствии создал по ее образцу несколько церквей. В истории американской архитектуры он также известен как создатель особого стиля сельских деревянных храмов. В 1852 издал сборник инструкций по их строительству - "Сельская архитектура Апджона" ["Upjohn's Rural Architecture"]. Первый президент Американского института архитекторов [ American Institute of Architects] (в 1857-76)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Upjohn, Richard
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